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8 Mohammad Mahfooz Hussaino Original: The girl dancing on the stage is Sehrish.o The Test: The girl [who is] dancing on the stage is Sehrish.3. Present participle as a gerund (noun):A gerund is a Verb + ing word that functions as a noun. Therefore, to understand how a gerund works in a sentence, the four placeswhere a noun can appear have to be studied.The Master Rule: The %u201cIt%u201d Replacement Test:As gerund is a noun, try replacing it (or the entire phrase) with the pronoun %u201cit,%u201d %u201cthat,%u201d or %u201cthis activity%u201d. If the grammatical structure of the sentence still makes perfect sense, then it must be a gerund.1. The Subject of the Sentence:%u2022 Syntax:Gerund (or Gerund Phrase) + Main Verb + Complement/Objecto Swimming is excellent cardiovascular exercise.Test: It is excellent cardiovascular exercise. (Makes sense = Gerund).o Reading long novels improves your attention span.Test: It improves your attention span. (Makes sense = Gerund).o Quitting his job was a huge risk.Test: It was a huge risk. (Makes sense = Gerund).